Adaptation strategies for different coastal area typologies against the risk of sea level rise in coastal cities

Abstract

Sea level rise due to global warming and climate change is among the most significant environmental problems in the 21st century. The coastal areas, where physical, economic, social and cultural focal points are mostly concentrated, would be affected by this change and have a risk of being submersed underwater. It is significant to evaluate risks, develop flexible and adaptive strategies that can increase the resilience of urban coastal areas to coastal hazards associated with sea level rise. Coastal area features will vary both physically, spatially and also functionally so it is requiring typological and also architectural analysis to understand which strategies are applicable where. It is thought that typological and architectural analysis of coastal areas in general scope, can help to develop new design approaches and steer urban design policy decisions in coastal cities. The intention of this study is to present information on a wide range of potential strategies, but also to help narrow the list of strategies to consider for a specific coastal typologies, and to lay out a general framework to determine which strategies can be applicable for suitable areas. In this study, different coastal area typologies and their futures such as building densities and land uses are presented to understand the nature and extent of risk from coastal hazards and what sort of strategies would be most effective in the long term.