Breast cancer-related lymphedema self-care practices: a cross-sectional descriptive study

Abstract

Objective: Lymphedema is a condition seen in breast cancer patients after mastectomy and significantly affects the quality of life. Self-management strategies are important for preventing lymphedema and reducing its severity. This study aims to evaluate the self-care abilities of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) patients after surgery. Methods: This study was conducted in a cross-sectional descriptive design. Study data were obtained from a single private hospital between August 2021 and May 2022. The study sample consisted of 53 patients who had undergone mastectomy in the last 2 years and were at risk of developing lymphedema. A socio-demographic data form and the Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Self-Care Scale were used to collect data. The relationship between sociodemographic and clinical variables and the Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema Self-Care Scale was evaluated with Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Results: The mean score of the BCRL Self-Care Scale was 70.79 ± 13.49. 79.2% of patients reported consistently adhering to infection prevention measures, 37.7% performed recommended exercises regularly, and 56.6% did not wear compression garments daily. Younger patients showed better adherence to self-care in the Activity subscale (P < .05), and married individuals had higher Sustainability subscale scores. Chronic disease was associated with lower protection scores (P < .001). Conclusion: Sociodemographic and clinical factors such as knowledge, marital status, and chronic illness significantly influence self-care practices. While infection prevention was strong, exercise and compression garment use were insufficient. Interventions focused on physical activity and pressure management are needed to improve lymphedema outcomes.